Metabolic disorders are another possible cause of mental retardation. Mental retardation is caused by a disorder of the brain that can occur due to several factors, including: Injury, for example, due to a traffic accident or while exercising. They include cranial abnormalities, cretinism, phenylketonuria (), Down syndrome, and nonsydromic mental retardation. Mental Retardation Nutritional Deficiency Diseases For example, a surprising number of people don’t get enough magnesium, copper, or zinc. Mental retardation is not a single disorder, syndrome, or clinical entity. Rather, it is a symptom associated with a large number of conditions that affect the development and functioning of the organism. Older etiological (causal) classifications have proved to be too crude for present-day use. [PL 2009, c.. The Department of Health (DOH) and National Nutrition Council (NNC) advocates the consumption of salt fortified with iodine since it is a proven effective strategy for prevention of Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD). The term 'intellectual disability' is increasingly common, and used on this website where possible. Preventing micronutrient malnutrition a guide to food ... The types of mental retardation usually fall into five categories caused by genetic mutations or abnormalities that develop before birth. Xp11.4. Severe mental retardation | definition of Severe mental ... 13. Paracelsus was the first to point out the relation between goitrous parents and their mentally disabled children. Behavior Therapy, 21, 153–165. Chapter 8: Urine Screening for Metabolic Disorders ... Brain damage and irreversible mental retardation are the most important disorders induced by iodine deficiency. It includes However, the gene for PSPH has been tentatively located at 7p15.2. Profound mental retardation is defined by a tested IQ of less than 20 to 25. Infection- Many infectious disease like syphilis, rubella, encephatilitis could be a reason for … Estimates reveal that about 6 million per sons in the United States—or roughly 3 per What type of disorder is mental retardation? Worldwide, iodine deficiency is the leading cause of preventable mental retardation. PubMed Google Scholar. Russo, D. C. (1990). Severe mental retardation is defined by a tested IQ of between 20 to 25 and 35 to 40. The few deficiency diseases caused due to lack of minerals are given below: 1. o Down Syndrome is the leading genetic cause of mental retardation, occurring in about 1/800-1000 births. At times, the problem affects people when they suffer from brain injuries. The solution was mandating the sale of iodized salt. Iodine deficiency not only leads to goiter and cretinism but also to a much broad spectrum of disorders. Clinical Features. inherited disorders, such as phenylketonuria (PKU) or Tay-Sachs disease. the brain; and (2) mental retardation caused by a number of specifically identified conditions or diseases. The word pica is derived from the Latin word for magpie, a species of bird that feeds on whatever it encounters. What are the five causes of mental retardation? 300096. -Deficiencies , such as iodine deficiency and folic acid deficiency. Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome, previously known as cretinism, is a condition associated with iodine deficiency and goiter, commonly characterised by mental deficiency, deafness, squint, disorders of stance and gait and stunted growth due to hypothyroidism. Mental retardation can also be the result of extreme lack of oxygen near the time of birth. It is defined as a level of intellectual functioning (as measured by standard intelligence tests ) that is well below average and results in significant limitations in the person's daily living skills (adaptive functioning). This became a renewed concern as the prevalence of moderate iodine deficiency in the United States among women of childbearing age increased from 4% in the 1970s to 15% by the 1990s. Mental retardation may be due to genetic causes (e.g., Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, a bad roll of the genetic dice for genes that impact on intelligence in the general population; see Genetic Factors in Cognition/Intelligence) and/or environmental ones (e.g., consumption of alcohol by the mother during pregnancy, lead poisoning, closed head injury, extreme poverty). This can cause serious intellectual disability, social isolation, and mental health problems over a period. Many rare diseases are genetic (caused by change in DNA), which change can be inherited, spontaneous, or epigenetic. The causes of mental retardation. Nutritional – Iodine deficiency / poor gestational nutrition. Mental illness and mental retardation: Cause or coincidence? Other signs and symptoms of this disorder include: Autism [1] [2] It belongs to a group of disorders known as urea cycle disorders. P17.6 X-linked creatine transport deficiency in five patients with behavioral abnormalities, mental retardation and/or epilepsy Approximately 70% of cases of severe to profound mental retardation have a known cause. Image courtesy of Getty Images Mental retardation. Trisomic and transgenic mouse models for DS allow genetic dissection of DS neurological and cognitive disorders in view to identify genes responsible for these phenotypes. Daily consumption of salt fortified with iodine is a proven effective strategy for prevention of IDD. There may be an immunodeficiency as reflected by susceptibility to recurrent infections due to subnormal numbers of B and T cells. Down syndrome (DS), the most frequent genetic disorder leading to mental retardation (MR), is caused by three copies of human chromosome 21 (HC21). Mental retardation caused by iodine deficiency can get exaggerated due to concomitant deficiencies of Vitamin A or selenium. Dwarfism is the condition of being a dwarf. • In late teens, can acquire academic skills commensurate with a 6th grader. Mosaic Trisomy 16 is a rare disorder in which an extra chromosome 16 is present in some cells, but not all. The condition is present in 2 to 3 percent of the population, either as an isolated finding or as part of a syndrome or broader disorder. The causal and contributing factors included in each of these categories are as follows: 1. TEXT. It is estimated that over 46,000,000 people in the U.S. have some mental acuity disorder. The causes of mental retardation. Intellectual disability, formerly known as “mental retardation,” is a disorder with onset during the developmental period. The causes of intellectual disability are often grouped according to the time of their occurrence. Answer (1 of 4): We refer to mental retardation as Intellectual Disability today. Intellectual disability (ID) becomes apparent during childhood and involves deficits in mental abilities, social skills, and core activities of daily living (ADLs) when compared to same-aged peers.There often are no physical signs of mild forms of ID, although there may be characteristic physical traits when it is associated with a genetic disorder (e.g., Down syndrome). What deficiency is mental retardation? MR has heterogeneous environmental and genetic causes acting invarious phases of pre, peri and postnatal development. Some infections of brain – tubercular meningitis, viral (rubella), protozoal (toxoplasma) etc. This disease is caused by disruption of lysosome storage (a room in cells that functions to remove metabolic waste). Mental retardation (MR) is a developmental disability that first appears in children under the age of 18. The cravings found in patients diagnosed with pica may be associated with a nutritional deficiency state, such as iron-deficiency anemia; with pregnancy; or with mental retardation or mental illness. Other disorders (e.g., mucopolysaccharidosis, sphingolipidoses) are less responsive to early intervention. Mental processes include several abilities like reasoning, attention, perception, memory, and problem solving. Iron is required by the body to form the protein haemoglobin. Selenium deficiency combined with iodine deficiency partly prevents the neurological damage but precipitates severe hypothyroidism in cretins. 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