Robin Harris, a former member of Thatcher's Policy Unit, claimed in 2006 that she had nothing to be ashamed of. Pinochet’s authoritarianism in Chile ended after 16 years in a peaceful and constitutional transfer of power, permitted by a constitution passed in 1980; Castro’s totalitarian regime in Cuba has lasted 48 years so far. We can’t recall human rights organizations agitating for his extradition, or for his being brought to justice even posthumously in Cuba. Inflation [went] down from 600 per cent to 6 per cent [...] living standards more than doubled”. ... Salvador Allende in Chile, whose rise provoked Pinochet’s coup, was a case in point. Domestic banks were deregulated in the late 1970s but reregulated with vigor in the early 1980s. Thatcher and Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet. It chose Allende only after he pledged explicitly to abide by the constitution. But they did many things right. Pinochet’s 1973 coup was supported by Allende’s presidential predecessor and by an overwhelming majority of the Chilean people. The other Margaret Thatcher is that who fought Socialism and was part, as Paul Johnson describes it, “the heroic trinity that tamed the bear”, next to Ronald Reagan … Support the Mission of the Hoover Institution, Battlegrounds: International Perspectives, John Cochrane: On The Happy Surprise Of China Seeking Trade Negotiations (3:42), Prey: Immigration, Islam, and the Erosion of Women's Rights. So if Corbyn really is a “terrorist sympathiser” then he's not alone. Finally, Chile is the most successful case of economic, social, and political development in Latin America and a pioneer in the global shift to enlightened social capitalism. As long as we use “terrorist” as a political football, we're missing the point. What once looked like a reactionary economic model is now the standard in much of the world. Her position had to do with several strong convictions: 1. Margaret Thatcher – 1999 Statement on General Pinochet January 9, 2016 admin 1999 , Margaret Thatcher , Speeches Below is the text of the statement made in the House of Lords by Baroness Margaret Thatcher on 6 July 1999. Or was it 1913? Want an ad-free experience?Subscribe to Independent Premium. Ayaan Hirsi Ali presents startling statistics, criminal cases and personal testimony. The shameful whitewashing of the regime by Thatcher's government only increased when Pinochet was arrested on war crimes charges in London in 1998. society. Thatcher was a steadfast defender of Augusto Pinochet, ... alongside Ronald Reagan, to back sanctions against the Apartheid regime in … Well he might have brutally tortured and murdered thousands of people, but he had a great grip on economics! Cuba is a dismal, impoverished, dynastic totalitarian anachronism. What Kind of Democracy Did the Coup Displace? Extended sizes from XS-5XL. He also pointed out that “other statistics of Pinochet's record are worth mentioning. ONLINE ONLY: Thatcher, Reagan and the Dictators. The appearance of GDP growth in the South American country created the mythology of the Chilean miracle, ‘thanks’ to the Chicago Boys, the group of young Chilean economists who studied at the University of Chicago under the adviser to U.S. President Ronald Reagan and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, professor Milton Friedman. She allowed the U.S. Air Force to bomb Libya from airbases in England. However, dictators of the right such as Augusto Pinochet … Or 1813? Lawlessness became rampant. Pinochet, by contrast, had friends in high places. Peter Kornbluh - author of The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability ... Margaret Thatcher Foundation, . Thatcher and Ronald Reagan worked hand in hand to carry out a neoliberal agenda and quell liberation movements worldwide. We have inherited an economy that is an asset.” All four civilian governments since 1990 have maintained the new, more market-oriented economic and social models inherited from the military regime. Reagan, Thatcher and the end of the Cold War The End of the Cold War 1985-1989: final phase of Cold War Mikhail Gorbachev became new leader in 1985 - glasnost and perestroika - ideological conflict was toned down The end of the Cold War began in 1989 with the fall of the Berlin Authoritarian regimes have mentalities more than ideologies, low levels of political participation, and limited pluralism and competition of policies and political actors (including the press), with some constraints on regime control and manipulation of the polity, society, economy, family, religion, culture, and the press. Reagan, for one, recognized the importance of Margaret Thatcher's presence as British prime minister, but would caution any discussion partner that Pope John Paul played an equally important role. The opinions expressed on this website are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Hoover Institution or Stanford University. Violence escalated rapidly, with the extreme left, including many members of the president’s own party, seizing properties and setting up independent zones in cities and the countryside, often contrary to what Allende and the Communists thought prudent. The historical record is clear. The economy minister, Paulo Guedes, trained in free market fundamentals at the Chicago School of Economics – the seedbed for Reagan and Thatcher’s economic policies – and worked at the University of Chile during Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship in the 1980s. By now, the economic policies of most countries of Latin America; North America; Western, Central, and Eastern Europe; China; India; Russia and its former republics; much of Africa; and many other places around the world have followed the Chilean lead rather than fled from it. In 1970, Allende won 36.2 percent of the popular vote, less than the 38.6 percent he had taken in 1964 and only 1.3 percent more than the runner-up. Pinochet's rule was inhumane and brutal, but was it terrorism? The appearance of GDP growth in the South American country created the mythology of the Chilean miracle, ‘thanks’ to the Chicago Boys, the group of young Chilean economists who studied at the University of Chicago under the adviser to U.S. President Ronald Reagan and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, professor Milton Friedman. Thatcher's support for Chile's former torturer-in-chief General Pinochet is no secret; it was something she was proud of. 14th January 1982: British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, with husband Denis (1915 - 2003) and children Mark and Carol. Thatcher was a close ally of General Augusto Pinochet in Chile and other infamous fascist dictators. All four civilian governments since 1990 have maintained the new, more market-oriented economic and social models inherited from the military regime. The Mummies, 55%.” This attitude and the actions that followed from it galvanized the center-left and right, whose candidates had received almost two-thirds of the votes in the 1970 election, against Allende. Very little has been said about Thatcher's dealings with General Pinochet, apartheid South Africa, the Khmer Rouge, the House of Saud and Saddam … Cuba and the United States were actively involved on opposite sides, but the main players were always Chilean. The Concertación, the alliance of political parties of the center and left that has won the past four presidential elections, deserves some credit for the post-1990 years, but so does the Pinochet government. Some of his legacies are well known, but others are not. In the process Allende, his supporters, and extremists they could not control virtually destroyed the economy, fractured the society, politicized the military and the educational systems, and rode roughshod over Chilean constitutional, legal, political, and cultural traditions. Along with the murder of thousands of Chileans, Pinochet, like Thatcher, dismantled popular political institutions and oversaw the first country in the world to adopt what would become known as the neoliberal model. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Chile’s democracy was already well on the road to self-destruction. It is often said and widely believed that Pinochet’s economic reforms eliminated any significant role of the state in the economy. Yet if we look to the icon of conservative politics and "keeping Britain safe", we have someone with a well-documented history of being a terrorist sympathiser. In their minds, life comprises two neatly opposed groups: those who support terror and those who oppose it. The Mummies, 55%.” This attitude and the actions that followed from it galvanized the center-left and right, whose candidates had received almost two-thirds of the votes in the 1970 election, against Allende. Margaret Thatcher funeral: At Parliament Square, so often a scene of protest, the only sound to be heard is clicking cameras Jerome Taylor Wednesday 17 April 2013 16:45 1982: British prime minister Margaret Thatcher, American president Ronald Reagan (left) and US Secretary of State Alexander Haig (centre) outside Number 10, Downing Street during Reagan's state visit to London. “Sometimes democracy must be bathed in blood.” – Augusto Pinochet “Not a leaf moves in this country if I'm not moving it.” - Pinochet, October 1981 Remember September 11th, 1973 During the height of the Cold War, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of the United States stepped up their efforts in assuring Western hegemony in… The first 6 years of my political life was devoted to opposing nearly everything Thatcher did (including the Falklands War, about which I have changed my mind; the exception: sale of council houses), and that only ended because I moved somewhere that I could oppose what Reagan was doing instead. At that time the Chilean economic model was considered anathema almost everywhere—partly because of its association with Chile’s military regime but also because it was viewed (wrongly, as it turned out) as an unthinkable, reactionary model per se, especially for developing countries. Range of styles in up to 16 colors. Friday, March 26, 1999 Published at 19:49 GMT UK Thatcher stands by Pinochet Baroness Thatcher thanked Pinochet for his help in the Falklands Baroness Thatcher has visited General Pinochet at the home where he is staying under house arrest near London - and talked of the "debt" she believes the UK owes him. Margaret Thatcher, who played Jane to Ronald Reagan’s Tarzan in that epic of the 1980s, The King and Queen of Jungle Capitalism, (whose author was more Milton Friedman than Edgar Rice Burroughs,) died last week in 2013. Margaret Thatcher with Chilean dictator, General Augusto Pinochet. That created a greater potential for boom and bust - the 2007 financial crash was an indication of what light touch regulation can lead to. Chile’s largest industry and biggest foreign-exchange earner by far is copper, which was nationalized in the late 1960s and early 1970s and has remained so ever since. Thatcher was a steadfast defender of Augusto Pinochet, ... alongside Ronald Reagan, to back sanctions against the Apartheid regime in … © 2021 by the Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior University. How many nations a decade or century from now will aspire to the “successes” of Fidel Castro—or of Salvador Allende? The economy minister, Paulo Guedes, trained in free market fundamentals at the Chicago School of Economics – the seedbed for Reagan and Thatcher’s economic policies – and worked at the University of Chile during Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship in the 1980s. Indeed, they are often not acknowledged at all. This new model, which we call social capitalism, was adjusted, revised, and supplemented during the Pinochet years, most importantly in response to an economic crisis in the early 1980s and also in the post-1990 civilian years. But global perceptions of the Chilean economic model changed, slowly at first, more rapidly and massively after the mid-1980s. Still Allende tried to “transition” (his term) Chile into a Marxist-Leninist economic, social, and political system. Poverty levels, as high as 50 percent in 1984, were reduced to 34 percent by 1989. ... state capitalism toward more market-oriented structures and policies—was not Deng Xiaoping’s China or Margaret Thatcher’s Britain in the late 1970s, Ronald Reagan’s United States in 1981, or any other country in Latin America or elsewhere. Less than three weeks later, the military, led by newly appointed army commander in chief Pinochet, overthrew the government. Baroness Thatcher, who served Pinochet tea at her London home two weeks ago, wrote to the Times newspaper that he "did so much to save British lives" … Some forums can only be seen by registered members. Although they never met in power, Thatcher was impressed by the success of Chile’s neoliberal economic program and Pinochet’s bloody stance against communism in Latin America. He brought the country to the verge of chaos on the basis of a slim democratic mandate, and as we now know had links to the Cubans. Pinochet’s relationship with Thatcher remains a sore point for the Conservative Party. “A few months later,” Whelan reports, “Allende told fellow leftist Regis Debray that he never actually intended to abide by those commitments but signed just to finally become president.” In legislative and other elections over the next three years, Allende and his Popular Unity (UP) coalition, dominated by the Communist and Socialist parties, never won a majority, much less a mandate, in any election. And let's not forget that at a time when Corbyn was protesting in the streets over South African apartheid, a young David Cameron was on a “jolly” in South Africa, at the behest of an organisation dedicated to lifting sanctions in the country. It has become fashionable in some quarters lately to claim that Chile’s successful record of economic development in recent decades actually began in 1990, during the first civilian government since 1973. These facts are important and widely recounted. The charges against Corbyn, regardless of their merit, cannot exist in a political vacuum of good versus evil though. However, Saddam’s brutal regime was sustained by the covert military aid it received throughout the 1980s, especially from her government and Ronald Reagan’s US administration. Major state expenditures for direct action social programs targeted to the poorest of the poor were initiated in the middle 1980s, not after 1990. In 1998, Baltasar Garzón, a Spanish judge, demanded the extradition of former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet from the United Kingdom, where he had traveled to receive medical treatment. Margaret Roberts, later Thatcher, the youngest candidate in the Conservative Party, plans her election campaign. Castro killed at least as many Cubans as Pinochet did Chileans. Totalitarian systems—once in place and short of external military conquest and occupation—are much harder to change than authoritarian ones. Become engaged in a community that shares an interest in the mission of the Hoover Institution to advance policy ideas that promote economic opportunity and prosperity, while securing and safeguarding peace for America and all mankind. Pinochet's rule was inhumane and brutal, but was it terrorism? She feared that supranational institutions were threatening British sovereignty… While Thatcher approved of some of Tony Blair’s economic policies, his Europhilia bothered her. Margaret Thatcher, accompanied by her husband Denis (1915 - 2003) and children Carol and Mark, on election night when she led the Conservative Party to victory in the British General Election. (October 2006), Chile’s current foreign minister, Alejandro Foxley, recognized early in the first post-Pinochet democratic government that “the constitutional rules left by Pinochet had ‘somewhat ironically fostered a more democratic system,’ for they forced major actors into compromise rather than confrontation and, by ‘avoiding populism,’ increased ‘economic governability.’”. Her position had to do with several strong convictions: 1. Whatever his views, Corbyn has never wielded the levers of power in government, and has never done more than put forward ideas. As reported by Hector Schamis in the Journal of Democracy (October 2006), Chile’s current foreign minister, Alejandro Foxley, recognized early in the first post-Pinochet democratic government that “the constitutional rules left by Pinochet had ‘somewhat ironically fostered a more democratic system,’ for they forced major actors into compromise rather than confrontation and, by ‘avoiding populism,’ increased ‘economic governability.’”. That created a greater potential for boom and bust - the 2007 financial crash was an indication of what light touch regulation can lead to. Thatcher death cake Her legacy has a rhetorical aspect as well, one other reason I hesitate to commute the vitriol. Chile’s former president, General Augusto Pinochet, died in December. Today almost the entire globe relies on the state less and on markets more than in 1973. She and Reagan not only shared a … This was a man who initiated the notorious Caravan of Death, the army unit that travelled the country by helicopter, murdering and torturing the General's opponents. Born in 1925 in Grantham, England, her memories of wartime bombing left her with a lifelong mistrust of German power that would re … The new UK/USA 'Special Relationship' was founded on the rapport between the two leaders. John B. Taylor is the George P. Shultz Senior Fellow in Economics at the Hoover Institution and the Mary and Robert Raymond Professor of Economics at Stanford University. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/638756/margaret-thatcher-facts - President Ronald Reagan greets Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in Bonn, Germany 1985. Very little has been said about Thatcher's dealings with General Pinochet, apartheid South Africa, the Khmer Rouge, the House of Saud and Saddam … The historian James Whelan caught its tragic essence when he wrote that Chile’s was a “cannibalistic democracy, consuming itself.” Eduardo Frei Montalva, Chile’s president from 1964 to 1970, who helped to bring in Salvador Allende as his successor, later called the latter’s presidency “this carnival of madness.” Freedoms increasingly overwhelmed responsibilities. In a comment piece for The Telegraph, he wrote that “the legal case against him was weak and the motivation of those involved suspect” and “the loss of life, most of which occurred in the first months when a civil war raged, was less than in other similar situations”. Jeremy Corbyn on the other hand has never wielded the levers of power in government, and has never done more than put forward ideas, Find your bookmarks in your Independent Premium section, under my profile. Thatcher did what she thought she had to do, and so did Corbyn. Margaret Hilda Thatcher (née Roberts), Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven, LG, OM, PC (born October 13, 1925. died April 8, 2013), was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990, and the first woman to hold the position. Many on the left had long believed that capitalism and democracy were incompatible. The late Margaret Thatcher played a major role in global affairs, including in one of the defining events of modern international law. A much more positive case can be made for major parts of Pinochet’s legacy. The word “terrorist” blinds us to anything meaningful conclusions, and suffocates any rational debate. The most concerning thing Thatcher and Reagan did related to de-regulation in the financial services sector. Thatcher and Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet. It was Pinochet’s Chile in 1975. Pinochet directed the coup of September 11, 1973, and presided until 1990 over a military regime that violated human rights, shut down political parties, canceled elections, constrained the press and trade unions, and engaged in other undemocratic actions during its more than 16 years of rule. Murdering gangster. Cuba and the United States were actively involved on opposite sides, but the main players were always Chilean. The problem with this narrative, as with almost all narratives that invoke the spectre of terrorism, is that they rely on a decidedly one-sided view of the world. It's not a case of right versus left, or even good versus evil. Despite her assertion that “The United States and Britain have together been the greatest alliance in defence of liberty and justice,” Thatcher refused to back down in her support of a man who overthrew a democratically elected government. (A notable partial exception to this rule was the Washington Post editorial of December 12 that bore the headline “A dictator’s double standard: Augusto Pinochet tortured and murdered. The economy minister, Paulo Guedes, trained in free market fundamentals at the Chicago School of Economics – the seedbed for Reagan and Thatcher’s economic policies – and worked at the University of Chile during Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship in the 1980s. It was liberty's fortune that, in Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher, the world found leaders who shared a vital faith in freedom. To order, call 800.935.2882 or visit www.hooverpress.org. Thatcher was coyer about backing Iraq’s dictator Saddam Hussein. Totalitarian regimes legitimize and practice very high degrees of penetration into all aspects of the economy, society, religion, culture, and family, whereas authoritarian regimes do not. Thatcher was a strong supporter of the brutal dictator right up until his death while on house arrest in Britain awaiting trial. Join the Hoover Institution’s It also matters because the 48 hours after a powerful public figure dies is when the halo becomes permanently affixed to their head. Amnesty International strongly supported the Chilean leader’s extradition to Spain in 1998 for a trial it thought would enact justice. The Concertación, the alliance of political parties of the center and left that has won the past four presidential elections, deserves some credit for the post-1990 years, but so does the Pinochet government. But without any doubt, it was also intended to instill fear and terror among the commanders. Chile’s former president, General Augusto Pinochet, died in December. The innovations in economic and social policy of the Pinochet government had significant influences on, and implications for, not only subsequent governments in Chile but also the rest of Latin America and the wider world. Thatcher and Europe. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher flanked by her husband Denis, addresses the press, 28 November 1990 for the last time in front of 10 Downing Street in London prior to hand her resignation as prime minister to Queen Elizabeth II. Then He Was Assassinated. It could almost be a mantra for much of the political discourse of the 20th century. His legacy is Latin America’s most successful country.”) We will focus on the generally neglected, discounted, distorted, and sometimes falsely denied or suppressed aspects of the Pinochet legacy that have truly made Chile, despite its continuing challenges, “Latin America’s most successful country.”. Available from the Hoover Press is Law and Economics in Developing Countries, by Edgardo Buscaglia and William Ratliff. Such characterizations are half-truths at best. It’s time to acknowledge that the legacies of the Pinochet years are a much better mix than they are usually said to be. But the problem with attacking Corbyn, Thatcher or anyone else along these lines is that we lose any real context for their actions. She feared that supranational institutions were threatening British sovereignty… While Thatcher approved of some of Tony Blair’s economic policies, his Europhilia bothered her. Thatcher not only publicly supported Pinochet, writing letters to the editor and issuing public statements; she even went to visit him after he was served with a … Thatcher not only publicly supported Pinochet, writing letters to the editor and issuing public statements; she even went to visit him after he was served with a warrant from Spain. Not in Thatcher’s speeches and letters to newspapers, which were hoarse with outrage but also careful to mention Pinochet’s assistance to Britain only in connection the Falklands. The most concerning thing Thatcher and Reagan did related to de-regulation in the financial services sector. Thatcher had the economics part of the equation worked out; it’s too bad she had an immense Warboner, sang the praises of dictators like Pinochet, called Nelson Mandela a … His legacy is Latin America’s most successful country.”) We will focus on the generally neglected, discounted, distorted, and sometimes falsely denied or suppressed aspects of the Pinochet legacy that have truly made Chile, despite its continuing challenges, “Latin America’s most successful country.”. Friend of Reagan and Thatcher. Thus by July 1973, if not earlier, Chile was looking at an incipient civil war. Chile’s former president, General Augusto Pinochet, died in December. “Thatcher and Reagan are idols of many Brazilians and current politicians,” she said. Poverty had increased enormously during and in the wake of the UP’s disastrous economic policies, and it decreased only as a result of the state-led stabilization policies, structural reforms, and targeted social programs of the Pinochet period. During her time as Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher openly called a terrorist a "true friend", invited a terrorist into her home for tea, and personally lobbied against a terrorist's prosecution for war crimes. (Of the many military regimes in Latin America in the sixties, seventies, and eighties, the only one to break with state capitalism was Chile’s.) A number of other important truths about the Pinochet period and its legacy are equally well documented but less well known. Thatcherism is a form of British conservative ideology named after Conservative Party leader Margaret Thatcher.The term has been used to describe the principles of the British government under Thatcher from the 1979 general election to her resignation in 1990, and continuing into the Conservative governments under John Major and David Cameron. The initiative is in partnership with Brazil’s foreign office, which has swung to the right under Bolsonaro, forming close ties with conservative leaders such Donald Trump and Victor Orbán. Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has said former Chilean leader Augusto Pinochet will get nothing more than a "show trial" if extradited to Spain. Margaret Thatcher celebrates on election night in 1987. Pinochet’s death occurred just as Fidel Castro was lying gravely ill in Cuba. Although there were changes at the margins after 1990, the point of sharpest and deepest positive change was unquestionably 1973 and immediately thereafter, not 1970 or 1990. Major state expenditures for direct action social programs targeted to the poorest of the poor were initiated in the middle 1980s, not after 1990. ... Salvador Allende in Chile, whose rise provoked Pinochet’s coup, was a case in point. They continued to fall after 1990 to 15 percent in 2005. Poverty had increased enormously during and in the wake of the UP’s disastrous economic policies, and it decreased only as a result of the state-led stabilization policies, structural reforms, and targeted social programs of the Pinochet period. Poverty levels, as high as 50 percent in 1984, were reduced to 34 percent by 1989. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/638756/margaret-thatcher-facts Chile’s democracy after 1990 has been vigorous and stable. The coup was supported by Allende’s presidential predecessor, Eduardo Frei Montalva; by Patricio Aylwin, the first democratically elected president after democracy was restored in 1990; and by an overwhelming majority of the Chilean people. After the Falklands War this included overt patriotism and contempt for communism. But Lady Thatcher also has a more personal reason to remember Pinochet fondly – the fact that he provided stalwart support for Britain in the Falklands conflict of 1982. The facts are otherwise. In their eyes, the Labour leader is a terrorist sympathiser. The most concerning thing Thatcher and Reagan did related to de-regulation in the financial services sector. They continued to fall after 1990 to 15 percent in 2005. Together with Ronald Reagan, she can be credited with a hand in the fall of the Soviet Union. So far they've linked him with the IRA, Hamas and Hezbollah. High-quality Pinochet men's t-shirts designed and sold by independent artists around the world. On August 22, 1973, the Chamber of Deputies, whose members had been elected just five months earlier, voted 81–47 that Allende’s regime had systematically “destroyed essential elements of institutionality and of the state of law.” (The Supreme Court had earlier condemned the Allende government’s repeated violations of court orders and judicial procedures.) Pinochet’s government has been justly condemned for engaging in some terrorist activities abroad, from Argentina to the United States. Your gift helps advance ideas that promote a free society. ", Read our full mailing list consent terms here. Proponents of Thatcherism … This support cost the lives of hundreds of thousands of Kurds, Arabs and Persians. Some conservatives would be wise to look closer to home before casting the first stone. community of supporters in Can ’ t recall human rights organizations agitating for his extradition, even. Pinochet 's rule was inhumane and brutal, but he had a great grip economics... 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On war crimes charges in London in 1998 for a trial it would! Three weeks later, the legislature could have given the presidency to either of the political discourse the! Case of right versus left, or even good versus evil though cent...... Different propensities to enable a transition to democracy Relationship ' was founded on the road self-destruction. Now the standard in much of the 20th century but not totalitarian a political vacuum of good versus though..., 43 % the 48 hours after a powerful public figure dies is the. Salvador Allende any doubt, it was also intended to instill fear and terror among the commanders de-regulation. Lose any real context for their actions quantity of declassified Us documents, Reagan the. Reported the results of the Soviet Union a close ally of General Augusto Pinochet who it.

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