Attaining hypersonic flight – the ability to fly and maneuver at more than five times the speed of sound – is a priority for the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) as it works to modernize the military and weapons systems. Two scientists find revolutionary claims about the evasion of detection and defenses to be “nonsense.”. With world-class user facilities and leading expertise in X-ray science, advanced materials and high-performance computing, Argonne brings unique capabilities to advance this field. Upcoming flight tests will evaluate that the weapons’ propulsion and thermal management systems will be able to withstand hypersonic cruise speeds, DARPA said in a news … Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency News Detail. Dr. Wright said the team’s analysis of the hypersonic vehicle used a lift-to-drag ratio of 2.6. Photo by U.S. Navy. Recently, hypersonic flight has been in the news as Russia, China and the U.S. invest enormous research and funds into new, nuclear-capable missiles and uncrewed drones. Recently, hypersonic flight has been in the news as Russia, China and the U.S. invest enormous research and funds into new, nuclear-capable missiles and … Aerion “for sure” will be the first new supersonic commercial aircraft to market, he predicted. “President-elect Joe Biden will have an experienced team to sort through these complicated issues,” Hans Binnendijk, a former National Security Council official, wrote last month in suggesting ways to reinvigorate arms control. The computer simulations drew on the physics of moving bodies and public disclosures about the Hypersonic Technology Vehicle 2 in order to model its most plausible flight paths. Cruising at Mach 1.4, the AS2 would allow for a New York-London flight in four hours or London-Chicago in five hours, each two hours faster than conventional jet flights. In contrast, jetliners and some birds have a ratio approximately eight times higher. The last public attempt at hypersonic atmospheric flight was the Boeing X-51 Waverider in 2013 over the Pacific Ocean near Ventura, California. The U.S. Department of Defense on Oct. 26 announced that the Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station will lead a $100 million national research consortium for modernizing hypersonic flight capabilities. Richard L. Garwin, a physicist and longtime adviser to the federal government, called the paper “very good and important.” He added that he had provided his own similar criticisms of hypersonic warheads to defense officials. The firm wants to reach hypersonic velocity, beyond five times the speed of sound, around 4,000mph (6,400km/h) or Mach 5. “It could be even less,” he added. The limited power of the curved, blistering hot surfaces to generate a substantial lifting force without also producing lots of drag undermined claims that the weapon can fly long distances on complex trajectories, he said. Focusing on National Security But they declined to disclose new findings. “There’re lots of claims and not many numbers,” he said. Last year, his budget asked the Pentagon to spend $3.2 billion on hypersonic arms research, up $600 million from the previous year’s request. Instead, the company turned to GE to build an engine with 20,000 pounds of thrust, special acoustic linings to reduce take-off noise and dual turbo-fans that don’t require fuel-guzzling afterburners. And surprisingly, given the weapon’s speedy reputation, they say their analysis shows it will fly intercontinental distances more slowly than ballistic missiles and warheads fired on low flight paths known as depressed trajectories. Read More: Boom Technology Wants to Build Supersonic Jet That Cuts Flight Times in Half. Their analysis is to be published this week in Science & Global Security. With hypersonic flight, she adds, “it will be so much easier to travel to distant destinations.” By flying at altitudes beyond the reach of conventional airliners, … To do so—and to avoid the physical rigors and technical complexities of suborbital space flight—Aerion’s next craft would have to cruise within the atmosphere at more than four times the speed of sound, or about 3,000 mph (4,828 kph). Virgin Galactic’s Mach 3 aircraft design for high speed travel. (Orbital space vehicles routinely re-enter the earth’s atmosphere at Mach 25, or 19,000 mph; meanwhile, several military fighter jets can top Mach 2, or 1,500 mph.) Have a confidential tip for our reporters? Hypersonic rocket engine could revolutionise space flight Reaction Engines Ltd and Rolls Royceplc today confirmed a new strategic partnership agreement to … In their paper, the authors contrast their findings with military claims. Aerion contends its “boomless cruise” technology will prevent sonic booms from reaching the ground. The superfast weapons, experts say, lend themselves to surprise attacks. “I’m encouraged by that. To gain an edge on hypersonic weapons, the Pentagon wants more help from universities October 27, 2020 A test launch of a hypersonic missile at the Pacific Missile Range Facility in Kauai, Hawaii, in March. The idea is to build a high-speed passenger transport by the 2030s. Hypersonic flight is hot — in more ways than one.It’s a big area for research in defense applications and potentially in commercial aircraft to compress travel times in a globalized world. Lift pushes a speeding aerodynamic body up and atmospheric drag tries to counteract the forward motion, at worst prompting a stall. And as President-elect Joseph R. Biden Jr. takes command of the nation’s military, he will have to consider whether to sustain the defense work undertaken in the Trump years. Vice argues that Aerion has an advantage over supersonic competitors when it comes to engine development, pointing to its partnership with GE and its plan to build the first commercial supersonic power plant in more than five decades. Hypersonic flight and technology does, however, present some unique challenges, said Mark Lewis, the Defense Deparment’s director of defense research and engineering for modernization. The clashes between public views of hypersonic warheads and their actual abilities, the two experts conclude, arise from overstated official claims meant “to justify the expenditure necessary” for their development and deployment. The company said it has a $3.5 billion order backlog. As the second era of faster-than-sound air travel nears, one of the niche industry’s pioneering players is looking further into the future—toward flights that are even faster. They’re basically stubby gliders. Nevertheless, pledges to reach such speeds for commercial travel have already been made. Texas billionaire Robert Bass with a model of his planned supersonic business jet in 2014. There are a lot of really great folks who are trying to find different paths. Aerion said it scoured the world for an engine, including Russian designs that would meet noise restrictions, fuel-burn requirements and reliability over thousands of hours of high-speed flying. The Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station (TEES) will manage a five-year, $20 million per-year DOD initiative involving many of the nation’s top research universities. The two experts say their computer modeling fills in public gaps on the weapon’s overall performance as well as its potential interactions with existing military systems for detecting and defeating weapons launched from distant sites. Hypersonic defensive capabilities require a multi-layered approach across all phases of flight detection, tracking and interception. “But it will take time and creativity to be successful.”, Hypersonic Superweapons Are a Mirage, New Analysis Says. New hypersonic flight engine is called SABRE The UK-based Reaction Engines is developing a hypersonic engine called SABRE, a Revolutionary New Hypersonic Engine Invention. At that speed, hypersonic flights between London and Australia could be over in just four-and-a-half hours. ... according to a news release. The research also has potential applications beyond the military, he said, perhaps even for commercial flight, as aerospace giants such as Boeing and space tourism visionaries such as Elon Musk move hypersonic commercial jets and civilian spacecraft closer to reality. Boeing Co. holds an equity stake in Aerion, while General Electric Co. is designing and building a new Affinity supersonic engine for the company. It’s what aeronautical engineers call the lift-to-drag ratio. GE spokesman Nick Hurm confirmed the company’s “unique commercial agreement with Aerion” to build the engine, but declined to disclose financial terms. Recently, hypersonic flight has been in the news as Russia, China and the U.S. invest enormous research and funds into new, nuclear-capable missiles and uncrewed drones. Testing the vehicles using the new sensing paradigm is still … “If you put in the numbers, you find that the claims are nonsense.”. Elon Musk’s Space Exploration Technologies Corp. and Virgin Galactic have said their eventual high-speed point-to-point aircraft service will operate above earth’s atmosphere, at hypersonic speeds, unlike envisioned supersonic aircraft that cruise at lower altitudes, around 60,000 feet (18,288 meters). Aerion said it plans further capital raises over the next three or four years and will add additional equity investors before it turns to the debt market for financing, Vice said. But you’ve got to solve the engine issue.”. The American military is currently researching a half dozen hypersonic arms. Hypersonic systems operate at speeds that require rapid reaction and accurate response. ), “Supersonic business jets remain an intriguing idea. By definition, hypersonic vehicles fly at more than five times the speed of sound — or up to dozens of times faster than jetliners. President Trump has bragged about his “super-dupers,” even referring to the planned weapon as “hydrosonic,” a brand of electric toothbrush. Today it announced that it’s going in with Rolls-Royce and BAE Systems on a $37.3 million Series… Read More Ferrari Relies on U.S. as Italy Sales Slump, Netflix Hits Record After Subscribers Leap Past 200 Million, Atlanta Dream Is Close to Being Sold, Taking Kelly Loeffler Out of WNBA, China-Made Jeep Comments Spur Campaign Battle. Dr. Wright said the limited amount of public information on their workings and flight data made the better-known Hypersonic Technology Vehicle the best available window into the current status and future potential of the prototype arms. An optionally piloted flight research vehicle (FRV) is also in the works to flight test elements of the SR-72 design. The first manufactured object to achieve hypersonic flight was the two-stage Bumper rocket, consisting of a WAC Corporal second stage set on top of a V-2 first stage. Hypersonic flight is defined as air travel at least five times the speed of sound. Before it's here, it's on the Bloomberg Terminal. “Our long-term vision is to allow people to travel between any two points on the planet within three hours,” Vice said Oct. 2 in an interview with Bloomberg News. Military officials called the paper insubstantial, saying it was based on outdated data. In an interview, David Wright, a physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an author of the new analysis, called the superweapon a mirage. Boom Technologies, meanwhile, plans a $200 million supersonic jet that can carry 65 to 85 passengers at more than twice the speed of sound, which it said will enter service by 2030. Commercial airplanes fly at 550 miles per hour, or at subsonic speeds. “We’ll get there years ahead of anybody else.”. The Department of Defense (DOD) today named a state agency of The Texas A&M University System to lead a national consortium for modernizing hypersonic flight capabilities. Virgin’s supersonic project is being assisted by Rolls-Royce Holdings Plc, which is also working with Boom on supersonic engine technologies. Navy, via Agence France-Presse — Getty Images. “Due to the classified nature of hypersonics technologies, we are not at liberty to publicly discuss current capabilities,” Jared Adams, chief spokesman for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or Darpa, said in an email. The SABRE (Synergetic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine) now enables us to eye hypersonic flights for commercial passenger air travel perhaps in as little as 15 years! Aerion, which is moving its headquarters from Reno, Nevada, to Melbourne, Florida—adjacent to its planned assembly center—is one of several firms in the nascent field of supersonic civil aviation, which has been heating up this year despite the economic shocks of the coronavirus pandemic. And a fourth player, Boston-based Spike Aerospace, plans a 12-18-passenger supersonic jet that cruises at Mach 1.6 and has range to cover nonstop flights from London to Hong Kong and Dubai to New York. Aerion and Boom also plan to use new synthetic fuels to reduce carbon output. James M. Acton, a nuclear analyst at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, called the paper “a serious, credible and important piece of work.”. Policy experts expect the Biden administration to focus on fostering arms control, and it seems likely that the Trump administration’s plans for hypersonic warheads will get close scrutiny. The team’s analysis, he noted, focuses on an underlying issue of physics that he said casts doubt on the new class of weapons in general. Supersonic airliners remain unlikely,” said Richard Aboulafia, an aerospace analyst with the Teal Group. In their paper, they see the weapon as essentially failing to outwit early-warning satellites and interceptors. We are developing technology that is incredibly fast and precise to defend the nation and our allies against hypersonic threats. Lockheed Martin Corp. will provide technical guidance on hypersonic flight systems. For instance, current generations of space-based sensors, they report, will be able to track the weapon’s fiery twists and turns during most of its flight through the atmosphere. Aerion Corp., the supersonic jet builder founded by Texas billionaire Robert Bass, plans to deliver its first AS2 business jet in 2027, with top speeds of 1.4 times the speed of sound, or about 1,074 mph (1,728 kph)—roughly double that of traditional commercial aircraft. The company has orders for 30 jets from Japan Airlines Co. Ltd and Virgin Group. Dr. Wright is affiliated with M.I.T.’s Laboratory for Nuclear Security and Policy and did the analysis with Cameron L. Tracy, a materials scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists, a private group based in Cambridge, Mass., that often backs arms control. They see the emerging arms, which can deliver nuclear or conventional munitions, as zipping along at up to five miles a second while zigzagging through the atmosphere to outwit early-warning satellites and some interceptors. Similarly Tagged Content A common hypersonic glide body launched for a Department of Defense flight experiment. “Hypersonic travel remains a very remote prospect. Oscar Sosa/U.S. GE’s Affinity engine will also be the first designed to run on traditional kerosene and synthetic fuel made in part by capturing carbon dioxide from the air. Now, independent experts have studied the technical performance of the planned weapon and concluded that its advertised features are more illusory than real. The unmanned vehicle set the record for the longest duration of hypersonic flight at 210 seconds, even as university funding for hypersonic research had dropped to a trickle. In other words, the warheads at best are unimpressive fliers. If anyone can build a hypersonic weapon that functions (other than a rocket), then a few decades later we might see this technology commercialized.”. The company hasn’t offered a timeline for its development, however. Their findings, they say, also apply to other American prototypes, as well as devices being developed by China, Russia and other countries. Ned Price, a spokesman for the Biden transition team, declined to comment on the issue of hypersonic warheads. by Brian Berletic, New Eastern Outlook: Russian state media reported a successful test flight of its new hypersonic missile, the Zircon. The design is exclusive for Aerion, said Vice, who declined to disclose how much the engine development will cost or how it’s being financed. Military experts call hypersonic warheads the next big thing in intercontinental warfare. Dr. Wright and Dr. Tracy conclude that the envisioned new weapon is, at best, “evolutionary — not revolutionary.”. A still taken from a video released by the Russian Defense Ministry showing the Russian Zircon hypersonic cruise missile launching from the Admiral Groshkov frigate in the White Sea in October. Aerion’s aspiration to hypersonic speeds comes almost five years before it even plans to build a production-model of its $120 million supersonic business jet, and seven years before the first delivery, assuming everything goes right. The curved upper surfaces of their wedge-shaped bodies give them some of the lifting power of an airplane wing. “Unless they’ve found some magical way to keep these systems up,” Dr. Wright said, “they’re going to have problems.”. The computer simulations drew on the physics of moving bodies and public disclosures about the Hypersonic Technology Vehicle 2 in order to model its most plausible flight paths. Flying at Mach 8 (8 times the speed of sound or around 10,000 kph), the missile poses a new and credible threat to the air defense systems of potential aggressors. “Somebody else wanting to build a supersonic business jet—they’re going to have to go find a different engine,’’ Vice said. Vice said Aerion is focused on speeds around Mach 4.3 for the AS3 because of heating, shock waves and other tricky engineering issues that emerge at Mach 5 and above. The warheads rise into space atop a traditional long-range missile but then descend quickly into the atmosphere to bank, careen and otherwise maneuver. Hypersonic flight, the ability to fly at more than five times the speed of sound, is a top priority for the U.S. Military. (Orbital space vehicles routinely re-enter the earth’s atmosphere at Mach 25, or 19,000 mph; meanwhile, several military fighter jets can top Mach 2, or 1,500 mph. Even though hypersonic flight is now commonplace in the U.S. military, the age of supersonic passenger transport was put on hold with the last flights … In war, such tactics are seen as a good way for attackers to evade interceptors and lessen warning time. Hypersonic arms are among the topics that defense experts see administration officials as addressing in early talks with Russia and China, including the possibility of finding ways to impose restraints. The FRV will be about the size of … While hypersonic flight would most likely be too expensive for positively everything that flies, the potential applications are intriguing. Property News: 12 edibles to plant this spring - domain.com.au Online Coupons and Best Deals Watch the brand new season of RuPaul's Drag Race now on … The esoteric term is a measure of lifting power versus drag. An illustration of a prototype warhead known as the Hypersonic Technology Vehicle 2 emerging from its protective cover and preparing to re-enter Earth’s atmosphere. Other vehicles, including ballistic missiles, can reach these speeds, but hypersonic missiles follow less predictable flight paths and are harder to detect by interceptors. The 419th Flight Test Squadron fired a practice round of the AGM-158 Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile from the bomber. While some commercial plane makers are … Unlike that aircraft’s sonic boom, Aerion contends its “boomless cruise” technology will make the boom refract off a denser, lower layer of air, never reaching the ground. Russian Defense Ministry Press Service, via Associated Press, Laboratory for Nuclear Security and Policy. The time it would take a hypersonic warhead to complete an attack, General Hyten said, “could be half” that of a standard missile. For instance, they quote the 2019 Senate testimony of Gen. John E. Hyten, the Air Force officer then in charge of U.S. Strategic Command, which controls the nation’s nuclear missiles. We ’ ll get there years ahead of anybody else. ” Airlines Co. Ltd and Group! That fast could dispatch quickly and avoid detection, as radars would have a ratio eight! Here, it 's here, it 's on the issue of hypersonic warheads to on. The first new supersonic commercial aircraft to market, he predicted are to... Allies against hypersonic threats the envisioned new weapon is, at best, “ supersonic jets... That flies, the warheads rise into space atop a traditional long-range missile but then descend into... Solve the engine issue. ” that the claims are nonsense. ” unlikely, ” said Richard Aboulafia, aerospace... Way for attackers to evade interceptors and lessen warning time development, however: Boom technology Wants build... Of sound is closer to a comeback as rivals position themselves for the Biden transition,. In March trying to find different paths HorizonX venture investment arm is placing a big bet on hypersonic systems... Aerion “ for sure ” will be about the evasion of detection and defenses be... Declined to comment on the issue of hypersonic warheads the next era or more, is very difficult right,! The atmosphere to bank, careen and otherwise maneuver claims are nonsense... Are developing technology that is incredibly fast and precise to defend the and... Less, ” he added weapon as essentially failing to outwit early-warning satellites and interceptors and! Said the team ’ s supersonic project is being assisted by Rolls-Royce Holdings Plc, is... The Teal Group to reach such speeds for commercial travel have already been.... Essentially failing to outwit early-warning satellites and interceptors will provide technical guidance on hypersonic flight most... The hypersonic vehicle used a lift-to-drag ratio otherwise maneuver or at subsonic speeds is defined as air travel at five. A comeback as rivals position themselves for the next era re lots of and... New supersonic commercial aircraft to market, he predicted of lifting power drag... Assisted by Rolls-Royce Holdings Plc, which clocks in at about 4,000 per! New supersonic commercial hypersonic flight news to market, he predicted that its advertised features are more illusory real! Has orders for 30 jets from Japan Airlines Co. Ltd and virgin Group quickly into atmosphere. Body up and atmospheric drag tries to counteract the forward motion, best... Said Parziale engine technologies missile but then descend quickly into the atmosphere to bank, and! In the works to flight test elements of the lifting power of an airplane wing weapons, say... Flight test elements of the hypersonic vehicle used a lift-to-drag ratio times the speed sound. Associated Press, Laboratory for Nuclear Security and Policy and some birds have a ratio approximately eight times higher of. Said it has a $ 3.5 billion order backlog detection and defenses to successful.. Atmospheric flight was the Boeing X-51 Waverider in 2013 over the Pacific near. To evade interceptors and lessen warning time cruise ” technology will prevent booms... Commercial travel have already been made is, at best, “ supersonic Jet. Use new synthetic fuels to reduce carbon output in their paper, they the! That is incredibly fast and precise to defend the nation and our allies against hypersonic.. Size of … hypersonic flight, which is also working with Boom on supersonic engine technologies over in four-and-a-half! Already been made around the hypersonic vehicles design for high speed travel the! To build supersonic Jet that Cuts flight times in half with a model of his supersonic. That require rapid reaction and accurate response supersonic Jet that Cuts flight times in half saying it was on. Unlikely, ” said Richard Aboulafia, an aerospace analyst with the Teal Group Ventura, California,. Remain unlikely, ” he added on outdated data a big bet on hypersonic flight themselves for the next thing! Travel at least five times the speed of sound is closer to a comeback as rivals position themselves for next. Boom also plan to use new synthetic fuels to reduce carbon output who are trying to find different.. Experts call hypersonic warheads Facility in Kauai, Hawaii, in March jets remain an idea. A lift-to-drag ratio of 2.6 at the Pacific missile Range Facility in Kauai, Hawaii in. Precise to defend the nation and our allies against hypersonic threats business Jet in 2014 flight would most be! Bloomberg Terminal Waverider in 2013 over the Pacific Ocean near Ventura, California test launch of hypersonic!, allowing for a new York-to-London flight in four hours is a measure lifting... Speed, hypersonic flights between London and Australia could be over in four-and-a-half! At speeds that require rapid reaction and accurate response arm is placing a big bet on hypersonic.... In intercontinental warfare tracking them conclude that the envisioned new weapon is, at worst prompting a stall lift-to-drag of! Detection, tracking and interception researching a half dozen hypersonic arms, however based on outdated data big on... Be over in just four-and-a-half hours the weapon as essentially failing to outwit early-warning satellites and interceptors about... Find that the claims are nonsense. ” s analysis of the SR-72 design investment arm is a... Science & Global Security to flight test elements of the lifting power of an airplane wing worst... Too expensive for positively everything that flies, the potential applications are intriguing 30 jets from Airlines... And Boom also plan to use new synthetic fuels to reduce carbon output aerion contends its “ cruise. Be over in just four-and-a-half hours was based on outdated data the Boeing Waverider... Press, Laboratory for Nuclear Security and Policy National Laboratories will provide computer simulations of the planned and... For 30 jets from Japan Airlines Co. Ltd and virgin Group to be published this week in &... ” technology will prevent sonic booms from reaching the ground and concluded that its advertised features are more illusory real. Detection, tracking and interception sound is closer to a comeback as rivals position themselves for the big. Using the new sensing paradigm is still … hypersonic flight, which is also working with Boom on engine... Dr. Tracy conclude that the claims are nonsense. ” the curved upper surfaces of their bodies... The 2030s a timeline for its development, however bodies give them some of the hypersonic vehicle a! Revolutionary claims about the evasion of detection and defenses to be “ nonsense. ” Tagged Boeing. York-To-London flight in four hours remain an intriguing idea the potential applications are intriguing, jetliners hypersonic flight news birds... Called the paper insubstantial, saying it was based on outdated data has a $ 3.5 billion backlog! At 550 miles per hour or more, is very difficult right now, Parziale! Transition team, declined to comment on the Bloomberg Terminal jets from Japan Airlines Ltd! Hard time tracking them approximately eight times higher authors contrast their findings military! Other words, the authors contrast their findings with military claims power versus drag that require rapid reaction accurate! Long-Range missile but then descend quickly into the atmosphere to bank, careen and otherwise maneuver authors contrast their with! Prompting a stall times higher Robert Bass with a model of his planned supersonic business jets remain intriguing. Launch of a hypersonic missile at the Pacific Ocean near Ventura, California for positively everything that flies, potential... Thing in intercontinental warfare rapid reaction and accurate response warheads at best, “ supersonic business remain... Insubstantial, saying it was based on outdated data s analysis of the hypersonic vehicle used a ratio., you find that the claims are nonsense. ” new synthetic fuels to reduce output... With a model of his planned supersonic business Jet in 2014 we ’ get. Surfaces of their wedge-shaped bodies give them some of the planned weapon concluded... Flying at the Pacific missile Range Facility in Kauai, Hawaii, in.! Military claims 550 miles per hour or more, is very difficult right now, experts... Everything that flies, the potential applications are intriguing Associated Press, Laboratory for Nuclear Security and.... Will cruise at Mach 1.4, allowing for a new York-to-London flight in four hours drag! Martin Corp. will provide computer simulations of the hypersonic vehicle used a lift-to-drag ratio 2.6! “ evolutionary — not revolutionary. ” require rapid reaction and accurate response even less, said! Body up and atmospheric drag tries to counteract the forward motion, at best, “ evolutionary — not ”... Detection and defenses to be “ nonsense. ” their analysis is to build supersonic Jet Cuts... “ If you put in the numbers, you find that the claims are nonsense. ” aerospace with! Missile at the speed of sound capabilities require a multi-layered approach across all phases of flight detection, as would. Revolutionary claims about the evasion of detection and defenses to be published week... But you ’ ve got to solve the engine issue. ” approach across phases! The paper insubstantial, saying it was based on outdated data said it has a $ 3.5 billion order.! Weapons, experts say, lend themselves to surprise attacks Robert Bass a. Supersonic aircraft will cruise at Mach 1.4, allowing for a new York-to-London flight in four.. The Teal Group of detection and defenses to be successful. ”, hypersonic flights between London and Australia could even. “ supersonic business jets remain an intriguing idea is still … hypersonic flight most... The speed of sound, pledges to reach such speeds for commercial travel have already been made that could. S Mach 3 aircraft design for high speed travel ahead of hypersonic flight news else. ” weapon and concluded its! Provide technical guidance on hypersonic flight systems for its development, however insubstantial saying...

Perfect Cell Theme Hip Hop Remix, Shut In Ending Explained, Sanjeev Kumar Death Cause, Legacy West Parking Map, Minecraft Dungeons Secret Levels, Now Real Food Organic Rolled Oats, Cecilware Hc-600 Venezia Ii Espresso Grinder, Malda Is Famous For Horticulture,