ISBN 1-56584-571-4. Again, geographical inequalities exist in this measure. Our research aimed to examine whether the GMS contract and, in particular, the QOF was contributing to improvements in public health and reductions in health inequalities; the focus was on health inequalities … It is widely recognised that, taken together, these factors are the principal drivers of how healthy people are, and that inequalities in these factors are a fundamental cause of health inequalities. The truth is that smoking accounts by itself for over half the excess mortality in deprived populations, is a uniquely preventable risk factor, and one where prevention is uniquely cost-effective, The second is a specific smoking related disease, now the commonest cause of premature death (not just cancer death) in urban populations, which remains largely under the radar, despite being uniquely preventable, increasingly predictable, and eminently curable if caught early. //-->. Different social groups might also have systematically different experiences within the services that they use, including in terms of the quality of care they receive and whether they are treated with dignity and respect. In England, there is a systematic relationship between deprivation and life expectancy, known as the social gradient in health. The Office for National Statistics analyses deaths that could be averted or delayed through timely, effective health care (‘amenable mortality’) or wider public health interventions (‘preventable mortality’). For males, the gap is 8.9 years, between Blackpool (74.2 years) and Hart in Hampshire (83.3 years). The King's Fund is an English health charity that shapes health and social care policy and practice, provides NHS leadership development, and hosts health care events. The Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey also showed some disparities in mental ill-health by ethnicity. into the quality of general practice in England. [CDATA[// > Two major issues are largely absent from this otherwise excellent piece - and from many other similar presentations. Life expectancy for females in the most deprived areas fell by almost 100 days during this period. People can find it more difficult to move away from unhealthy behaviours if they are worse off in terms of a range of wider determinants of health. [CDATA[// >. The increasing divide was identified by a research team led by David Buck, a senior fellow at the King's Fund who was head of health inequalities at the Department of Health until 2010. This long read sets out the key changes for the health and care system and what their immediate, as well as potential long-term, implications might be. The Improving the public’s health report provides local authorities with information about evidence-based interventions and practical actions for improving public health and reducing health inequalities. of Health and Social Care, seeks to understand emerging local approaches to tackling these barriers, as well as how integrated strategies can prevent and reduce rough sleeping on a sustained basis. In England, health inequalities are often analysed and addressed by policy across four factors: People experience different combinations of these factors, which has implications for the health inequalities that they are likely to experience. INTRODUCTION 6 1A Health inequalities … socio-economic factors, for example, income, geography, for example, region or whether urban or rural, specific characteristics including those protected in law, such as sex, ethnicity or disability. People in the United Kingdom who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT), for example, experience higher rates of poor mental health, including depression, anxiety and self-harm, than those who do not identify as LGBT. The disproportionate impact of the virus has highlighted longstanding health inequalities – marked differences in health outcomes that have been described by The Kings’ Fund as “avoidable, unfair and systematic differences in health between different groups of people”, for example for people from areas with higher levels of socio-economic deprivation, or for those … The most common summary measure of these circumstances across a population is deprivation. Half of the difference in mortality is attributable to Cardio-Vascular disease, something that at least theoretically should be preventable. 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