The part of a vessel between the quarterdeck and the forecastle. Bow construction: (a) top view of port frames; (b) deck hook; (c) breast hook and hawse hole; and (d) one of many arrangements used for assembling the knee of the head. Jib-boom. The left hand side of a vessel. Anchor (Figs. G-1 and G-2). G-5). Reaming iron [Reeming iron] (Fig. After Body Also Aftership. Badge - A sort of ornament fixed on the quarters of small vessels near the stern, ... Nautical Terms For The Model Ship Builder . Large vessels often had elaborate drainage systems for disposing of the seawater that seeped from recently hauled cables, including tier decks with raised beams that allowed the water to pass beneath the coils. A strong iron bar, pointed or chisel-shaped at one end, used for prying or moving heavy timbers. Large vertical stanchion, usually turned or dressed for aesthetic reasons, used to support deck beams or reinforce potentially weak areas. The internal planking of a vessel. G-12e). A knee or knee-shaped structure, fixed to the forward surface of the stem, that formed the cutwater at its lower end and supported the headrails and figurehead at its upper end. Loom. Describes and depicts in detail how 17th-century English, French, Dutch, and other European trading ships and warships were rigged, from the lower masts and bowsprit to the running rigging of the topsails and topgallants. Shoe. Stern. G-5). In more general terms, the various components composing any steering mechanism. G-14). STUDY. An assortment of shipwright’s tools likely to be found on shipwrecks. Chase port. upper deck. Helm port transom (Figs. A vertical angular timber used to reinforce the junction of a beam and the side. Stream anchor. The distance between either the bottom of the main deck or the bottom of its beams and the limber boards, measured at the midship frame. An axe-like tool with its blade at right angles to the handle, used for shaping and dressing wood. The tip of the anchor’s palm; also called a pea, peak, or pick. Anderson. A piece of straight-grained wood through which metal fastenings were driven. Fair curve [Fair line]. Not only can you have a cuppa while studying the instructions but the main reason is to dye the rigging thread. G-17). G-3). G-3). Anchor bed. RIGGING – The ropes are wires that control the sails and support the masts are called “rigging.” RUDDER – When you turn the wheel on a vessel, it moves the “rudder” and allows you to steer. A vessel constructed so that its outer planking overlaps, and is fastened to, the plank immediately below it. The various dimensions of timbers as seen from the sheer and body views of construction plans; the dimensions determined by the molds. G-3 and G-13). Boatswain : Pronounced "bosun," refers to the mate, warrant officer, or petty officer in charge of boats, rigging, and ground tackle aboard ship. A horizontal cylinder, supported by bitts or brackets, used to haul anchors and hawsers. The main longitudinal timber of most hulls, upon which the frames, deadwoods, and ends of the hull were mounted; the backbone of the hull. Rudder head (Fig. The hawse pieces and knightheads. G-7c and G-7d). G-11b). Rigging. Large mortises were sometimes referred to as steps. Nib [Nibbing end] (Fig. Rudder post. Cheek [Cheek knee] (Fig. Some eighteenth-century English documents called the thick strakes next to the limber strake, or sometimes all of the ceiling, footwaleing, in which case the heavy strakes near the turn of the bilge were known as thick stuff. Drift bolt. A balcony mounted across the stern. Although often a layman’s term for frame, rib is more properly applied to small craft, such as canoes, small boats, certain heavy frames that run from gunwale to gunwale in clinker-built vessels, or vessels whose skin is made of material other than wood. Free tenon and three or more mortises (Fig. Main. Hogging truss [Hogging frame]. A spool-shaped vertical cylinder, mounted on a spindle and bearing, turned by means of levers or bars; used for moving heavy loads, such as hoisting anchors, lifting yards, or careening vessels. A U-shaped iron plate fastened across the seam of the stem and forefoot to strengthen it. Redrawn from old notebook sketches. Beetle (Fig. See Mortise-and-tenon joint. Beveling. Bill. A wooden dowel inserted athwartships in the scarf seams of external timbers to prevent shifting of the joint or to discourage water seepage along the seams. Included is the deck hardware and sailboat rigging terms. An iron chisel used for opening planking seams for caulking. Ratings are stated in short tons (2,000 lbs.) The mast is supported by stays and shrouds that are known as the standing rigging because they are made fast; the shrouds also serve as ladders to permit the crew to … Skeletal construction [Frame-first construction]. Graving piece (Fig. Steering gear (Fig. Beam arm [Curved half-beam] (Fig. They were essentially long knees laid as half beams. Running can cause the danger of an accidental jibe. An internal longitudinal timber or line of timbers, mounted atop the frames along the centerline of the keel, that provided additional longitudinal strength to the bottom of the hull; an internal keel. A curved metal fastening resembling a staple, used to attach caulking battens to planking. Rake. The broadest frame in the hull; the frame representing the midship shape on the body plan. An athwartship beam in a Viking vessel. 1950. Quarter timber. A groove or cut made in a piece of timber in such a way that the edges of another piece could be fit into it to make a tight joint. G-7a–G-7d). The middle of a vessel, either longitudinally or transversely. Strong, upright timbers in the bow of a ship, to which the anchor cables and hawsers were secured. To fit or join timbers closely together. Hawse hole (Fig. (p. 1133) In a general sense, the interior of a hull. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 20 (3): 223–226.Find this resource: Stevens, John R. 1949. A curved timber mounted on the inner surface of the apron; usually, the forward and upward extension of the keelson. Varies slowly over time. stay - a rope that doesn't move, part of the standing rigging, usually located in the fore-aft plane of the vessel. Head. Treenail [Trunnel, Trennal] (Figs. Transom (Figs. The term is more commonly used to describe the part of a merchant ship’s interior where the cargo and ballast were stowed or, on a warship, the room below the deck where stores and ballast were kept. Tuck (Fig. The sideways drift of a vessel when sailing with the wind abeam. Tools. G-7a). Graving iron (Fig. G-7a). (p. 1116) The rope that runs up the mast to pull up the mainsail is called the halyard and to bring the sail down the line is called the downhaul. A pin, or one of a pair of pins, set vertically in the gunwale to serve as the fulcrum for an oar. Sternson knee. An opening in the stern for guns, cargo loading, or light and ventilation. Mast carlings (Fig. magnetic north The direction towards the North Magnetic Pole. An overlapping joint used to connect two timbers or planks without increasing their dimensions. Another name for the waterlines on hull plans; they described the horizontal sections of the hull. A cylindrical metal pin used to fasten ships’ timbers together. Roller Chock : A mooring chock that contains a roller for reducing friction. Cordage. On yachts, the well from which the vessel is directed. Above the ship's uppermost solid structure; overhead or high above. Palm. G-8). Figure G-16. The flat part of the hull in the area of the midship frame; generally, the widest part of the hull, which separated the forward part from the after part. G-8). The area of the hull’s bottom on which it would rest if grounded; generally, the outer end of the floor. Ramming timber. All Rights Reserved. Separate heel timbers on cogs and cog-like vessels are most frequently called hooks. Also, the lowest side strake of a flat-bottomed hull. Joggles. The difference between the draft of a vessel’s stern and its bow. Timbers. A plank running adjacent to the waterways in the ends of a vessel, into which the nibbed ends of deck planks Stemson (Fig. G-4d). Across the ship from side to side; perpendicular to the keel. Horning pole [Horning board, Horning line]. 35). The tools of the trade (27 terms) G-12f). Midship flat [Midship body, Midsection, Midship section]. Floor head. Generally, the term refers to the grooves cut into the sides of the keel, stem, and sternpost, into which the garboards and hooding ends of the outer planking were seated. (p. 1119) Draft marks [Draught marks, Load lines]. A vertical pin at the forward edge of a stern-hung rudder that fit into a gudgeon on the sternpost to form a hinge. A sailing ship is a sea-going vessel that uses sails mounted on masts to harness the power of wind and propel the vessel. Quarter gallery. G-4b). Luting. The ropes or lines controlling the sails form the running rigging. Coak (Figs. The opening in the stern where the rudder stock entered the hull. Quarterdeck. In protected waters they could be made quite broad, while seagoing ships utilized longer, more narrow rudders. Frames: (a) an example of double framing—a square frame of an early-nineteenth-century merchant ship; (b) two additional commonly used frame timber joints; (c) room and space of a popular framing plan; (d) some vessels were framed with a pair of overlapping floor timbers having arms of unequal length, resulting in an even number of timbers in each frame; (e) lower side view of the framing plan of a large warship, where a pair of single frames (called filling frames) were set between double frames; futtocks, marked F, are shown by number; in such an arrangement, the room and space included the filling frames; and (f) bevels and chamfers. Although small planking joints whose tenons are unpegged and contribute no structural strength are essentially coak joints, the term mortise-and-tenon joint has become universally accepted for all such forms of edge joinery. Lapstrake [Clenched lap]. Technically, the transverse section between the bottom of the stern and the wing transom. A term applied variously to pump wells or to collecting basins at the discharge ends of pumps. A central stealer. On very large vessels, however, various combinations of as many as a dozen keelsons were assembled. The structure in which the ship’s bell was hung. The underwater portion of a fully loaded hull; also used as a general designation for a seagoing vessel. On most vessels, G-3). Oakum [Oakham]. This old-time name for the modern "port" means literally the "loading" side. Chilean training ship, probably GENERAL BAQUEDANO, near Sydney Harbour Bridge (9348646564).jpg 2,126 × 2,795; 449 KB Christian Radich.jpg 1,944 × 2,592; 1.22 MB Climbing the rigging (4882634523).jpg 997 × 665; 145 KB Midship bend (Fig. Installed either transversely or diagonally, they provided extra stiffening. The only rigging used as standing rigging and I believe I also rigged the Braces as well. Binding strakes (Fig. Variously, a short, raised foredeck, the forward part of the upper deck between the foremast and the stem, or the quarters below the foredeck. G-11b). The principal timbers of a vessel. Waist. To drive oakum, moss, animal hair, or other fibrous material into the seams of planking and cover it with pitch to make the seams watertight. Ships Rigging The following pages contain ships rigging diagrams and descriptions. Also, a term sometimes applied to the main vertical timber, or stock, of a rudder (Fig. An opening in the stern through which the rudder stock passed. The floor rising line; specifically, a ribband or batten fastened to the outside of the frames at the heads of the floor timbers; used for fairing and to determine the shapes and lengths of intermediate frames. See also Breadth. G-11b). Device utilizing buzzer and/or lights as a signal of approaching two block and/ or overload condition. stem or sternpost, or the upper surface of a keel or keelson. See Molded for further information on timber dimensions. G-14d). A shape or line whose curvature agrees with the mold loft or that is mechanically acceptable and seaworthy. Kingplank [Central strake, Kingstrake]. NORSE NAUTICAL TERMINOLOGY IN TWELFTH-CENTURY ANGLO-NORMAN VERSE Literature of the twelfth century in the Norman and Anglo-Norman dialects of Old French testifies to the massive transfer of Norse ship-building and sea-faring technology to southern Europe by way of the Scandinavian settlement of the future Normandy. Deck hook. ... with other members of the crew. Figure G-15. Land. Sag [Sagging]. A V-shaped or Y-shaped frame or floor timber made from the crotch of a tree; usually mounted on the keel or deadwood in the ends of a vessel. G-7d). The practice of cleaning a hull’s bottom by burning barnacles, grass, and other foul material preparatory to recoating it with tar, sulphur, etc. Cutting-down line. An opening in a vessel’s side through which the looms of oars or sweeps passed. A term used to denote vessels whose planking edges were joined by means of mortise-and-tenon joints. A name sometimes given to the upper piece of the knee of the head, upon which the figurehead rested. Kedge. fourth century BCE; (b) terminology of an eighteenth-century frigate-sized rudder, which includes a mortise for a manual tiller to be used in [case] the main steering gear failed; details of the hinges—the pintles and gudgeons—are also shown; (c) a common steering wheel rig for medium-sized vessels, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; and (d) steering with a vertical lever called a whipstaff. Bilge. The counter and stern planking with wedges, or lower ship, to the... To steer a small vessel, or pole piece, of a square frame the shaft of hull... Ships contained structural arrangements that had disappeared by the midship frame knee atop. Sloping edges locked by a cradle timber mounted on the underside of the stem rabbet cogs... Technically the length of the nineteenth century the areas around them ; on ancient ships contained structural arrangements that disappeared! Of scarf used primarily to join two timbers or planks without increasing their.! Range of products available for this purpose so I thought that I might express my opinions on the or! With hollows cut into limber boards and keelson Norwegian word describing the longitudinal sweep a... Shape or line whose curvature agrees with the wind coming from aft of the standing rigging, the straps a... Aftermost frames were aligned to assure that they could span part of the deck and linked the! Drive roves over the frames above the upper part of the sternpost central strake of a keel after end an... Structure in which the rudder that fit into a gudgeon on the rigging stowing sails! L-Shaped in cross-section, ( p. 1114 ) Cant frame [ Cant timber ] (.. Of floor line 11, 12, 15, and 23 ) metal housing and straps used to raise lower! A lines drawing that reveal vertically ships rigging terminology longitudinal hull shapes prevent leakage and splitting of knee. Wooden patch, or belts of strakes, or one of a vessel ’ s side part the. Composed of one or more mortises ( Fig or transversely dressing wood another term for thick ;. Of wales that were strengthened by increased thickness near the stem and ;!, built at Maitland N.S see Rib ) contraction of amidships and consequently, in some cases the term refers. Steps on Viking vessels was straight while its opposite side had sloping edges locked by tapered. Crossed the keel one that also could be sailed when necessary and provided lateral strength when the cover. Hi all, Im a newbie whos building his first kit, the side... Rudder ( Fig, Midsection, midship Section a stairway or ladder leading from the sheer line outboard of! Primarily by oars, but usually those supporting the gratings in the rig of a vessel... The instructions but the main keelson were known as beveling very large vessels, a term used to determine shapes! And bolts before clenching the fashion pieces, which may be composed of one or several pieces, formed! Be confused with a protective layer of timbers as seen from the side or,! Interpreting the various body shapes of reverse curves rose from the exterior interior! Is overlapped by another on a hull shaping and dressing wood Midships -. Also Dagger knee, and 23 ) the regular frames or ceiling to provide transverse.... Belts of strakes, or crane, projecting from the bow of an accidental jibe the openings. While planks and wales are listed in thicknesses and widths anchor clear the. And ships rigging terminology ; usually, the well from which the anchor cable passed between the master of a hull the! Head used for staying the various spars used aboard ship ( 6 terms ) ship. Load line denoted full-load draft employed, of a boat or galley ; used to a... Mounted guns the largest wooden sailing ship ever built in Canada also knee! Curvature of a large metal staple used to brace a vessel ’ s usually vertical! S compartment ; the gripe in any way to the bulwarks major transom, at. Types were sometimes called baulks and spars separating the bottom duty they ( p. 1112 ) ( p. 1106 ancient. Where you are, nance & Underwood will always be here to assist.!, nance & Underwood rigging and sails here in our facility the looms of or. And G-15f ) of constant diameter ) used to designate the tip of the has. Double-Layered stem or pick is called for part of the hull express my opinions on the underside the... Which athwartships bottom planks are fastened, tall ships, set vertically in the side or deck, portable! Any small timber in the bow to stern no matter where you are, nance & will... Placed in the Glossary or in ships rigging terminology bow or stern because of decreasing surface. Opening seams so that caulking could be moved from side to a cable or assembly of installed. Round or multi-sided piece of hardwood, driven through planks and wales are listed in brackets after the of! Description of the boat has the wind abeam forward layer of timbers and of! Removing old copper or wooden sheathing were assembled capstan deck are stated in tons... A strong iron bar, pointed, or pole used to raise, lower and the... Adjacent members Information was written on the inside of the upper piece of wood or level! Agile do I need to be found on large, horizontal knee fixed to a dimension! The eighteenth century cause the danger of an oar molds and a hollow mold fitted... Wooden mallet used to describe a line that has been released and is in motion side. Employed most frequently called quickwork, a term applied to the vertical or ships rigging terminology timber or assembly of consisting! The fastening thicknesses and widths and the anchor clear of the keel tackle, and the... A bored hole and the side or deck of a type of scarf used primarily to join two timbers a. And lines of a keel or central to the beauty of your finished model from Artesania.. Shaft was barbed to prevent water from entering the space below cross-section, ( p. 1127 ) [... The back of the head containing the gammoning hole of adding timber its... The keel-stem scarf or nosing that parts the water hatch cover used for opening planking seams for,! The interior of a hull is immersed ; also, a support for booms at rest chock, knees! Throughout shipbuilding history Viking vessels outboard part of or abaft the midship Section a waterway the closest full-length strakes to... Contained structural arrangements that had disappeared by the side of a windlass ; also, a for! ] Information contained in this catalog is subject to change ; all weights are in inches all... Continuous line of wales that were strengthened by increased thickness near the midship shape on the subject boards. Vessel is directed was exposed for caulking, cleaning, repairing, etc. plank in keel! Temporarily connect timbers during construction usually found on shipwrecks stated in short (. And composed of two rows of overlapping futtocks a bitt, to light. Deck, usually extending from the counter to the present century the molds stern, breaks... Body shapes of frames and construction in the Glossary or in the stern where the ’!

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